1. Manipulative Mind Games: Covert abuse often involves manipulation tactics that make us doubt our own thoughts and reality. Feeling constantly confused and uncertain about what’s real is a common sign.
  2. Emotional Withdrawal and Blame-Shifting: Perpetrators of covert abuse may withdraw attention or shift blame onto us to avoid taking responsibility for their actions. This can leave us feeling neglected, guilty, and unfairly blamed for problems we didn’t cause.
  3. Invalidation and Anxiety: Constantly having our emotions and experiences invalidated can lead to feelings of frustration and anxiety. Living in anticipation of the next attack or manipulation keeps us on edge, perpetuating a cycle of stress and emotional turmoil.